World Bank Independence: A Model and Statistical Analysis of U.S. Influence
by Robert K. Fleck and Christopher Kilby (Oct. 2001; Revised June 2005)
This paper develops a model to test whether World Bank lending caters to U.S. interests. We use country-level panel data to examine the geographic distribution of World Bank lending to 110 countries from 1968 to 2002. After controlling for country characteristics expected to influence the distribution of lending in a manner consistent with the World Bank’s charter and stated allocation mechanisms, we introduce variables reflecting U.S. interests. The empirical results are consistent with a significant U.S. influence, but one which varies across presidential administrations. These findings have important implications because donor influence may reduce the credibility, and hence the development effectiveness, of multilateral aid organizations.
Key Words: World Bank, United States, Multilateral Aid JEL Classifications: F35, O19
Published: The Review of Development Economics, May 2006, 10(2):224-40.